Jak powstała litera zapisywana znakiem Qq, czyli przykład od-semickiego zapożyczenia i zniekształcenia pierwotnego pra-słowiańskiego wzorca dźwiękowego, występującego w językach kreolskich, jak np. tzw. łacina i greka.
Na szybko zapisuję, na co przez przypadek wpadłem. Proszę zwrócić uwagę na drogę zapożyczania tego znaku i jego wykorzystania do zapisu dźwięku… no właśnie jakiego?
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Tym razem od tyłu…
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kof
Kof
Kof, kuf (ק) lub qāf (ق) – dziewiętnasta litera alfabetów semickich, m.in. fenickiego, aramejskiego, arabskiego, hebrajskiego. Odpowiada wartości numerycznej 100.
W hebrajskim odpowiada dźwiękowi [k] (w wymowie aszkenazyjskiej) lub [q] (w wymowie sefardyjskiej).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qoph
Qoph or Qop (Phoenician Qōp 
) is the nineteenth letter of the Semitic abjads. Aramaic Qop 
is derived from the Phoenician letter, and derivations from Aramaic include Hebrew Qof ק, Syriac Qōp̄ ܩ and Arabic Qāf ق.
Its original sound value was a West Semitic emphatic stop, presumably [kˤ] or [q]. In Hebrew gematria, it has the numerical value of 100.
Origins
The origin of the glyph shape of qōp () is uncertain. It is usually suggested to have originally depicted either a sewing needle, specifically the eye of a needle (the Hebrew קוף means „hole”), or the back of a head and neck (qāf in Arabic meant „nape„).[1] According to an older suggestion, it may also have been a picture of a monkey and its tail.[2]
Besides Aramaic Qop, which gave rise to the letter in the Semitic abjads used in classical antiquity, Phoenician qōp is also the origin of the Latin letter Q and Greek Ϙ (qoppa) and Φ (phi).[3]
Arabic qāf
The Arabic letter ق is named قاف qāf. It is written is several ways depending in its position in the word:
| Position in word: | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glyph form: | ق | ـق | ـقـ | قـ |
It is usually transliterated into Latin script as q, though some scholarly works use ḳ.[4]
Pronunciation
According to Sibawayh, author of the first book on Arabic grammar, the letter is pronounced as a voiced phoneme.[5] As noted above, Modern Standard Arabic has the voiceless uvular plosive /q/ as its standard pronunciation of the letter, but dialectical pronunciations vary as follows:
- [q]: In Druze dialects, most of the variants of Maghrebi, Northern Mesopotamian Arabic, a number of Yemeni accents, and partially in Gulf Arabic.
- [ɡ]: In Hejazi Arabic, Najdi Arabic, Gulf Arabic, Libyan Arabic, rural Jordan, Southern Mesopotamian Arabic and some forms of Yemeni and Sa’idi Arabic (of Southern Egypt) and partially in Maghrebi dialects.[6]
- [ʔ]: In Egyptian Arabic, as well as Levantine Arabic and forms of Algerian Arabic and Moroccan Arabic from around Tlemcen and Fes respectively.
- [ɢ]: In Sudanese Arabic and some forms of Yemeni Arabic.
- [k]: In rural Palestinian Arabic it is often pronounced as a voiceless velar plosive [k].
- [d͡ʒ]: Optionally in Iraqi and in Gulf Arabic, it is sometimes pronounced as a voiced postalveolar affricate [d͡ʒ].
Note, however, that most dialects of Arabic do use the sound [q] for this letter when it is found in learned words borrowed from standard Arabic into the respective dialect. (…)
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q
Q jest siedemnastą literą alfabetu łacińskiego (pochodzi od greckiej litery koppa). W językach europejskich prawie zawsze występuje w połączeniu qu, oznaczającym dźwięk [kw] lub [kv]. W transliteracji języka arabskiego oznacza [q] (w oryginalnej pisowni ﻕ), w języku maltańskim – zwarcie krtaniowe.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q
Q (named cue /ˈkjuː/[1]) is the 17th letter of the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet. It is a consonant, not a vowel.
History
| Egyptian hieroglyph wj |
Phoenician qoph |
Etruscan Q |
Greek Qoppa |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
 |
 |
 |
The Semitic sound value of Qôp (perhaps originally qaw, „cord of wool”, and possibly based on an Egyptian hieroglyph) was /q/ (voiceless uvular stop), a sound common to Semitic languages, but not found in English or most[citation needed] Indo-European ones. In Greek, this sign as Qoppa Ϙ probably came to represent several labialized velar stops, among them /kʷ/ and /kʷʰ/. As a result of later sound shifts, these sounds in Greek changed to /p/ and /pʰ/ respectively. Therefore, Qoppa was transformed into two letters: Qoppa, which stood for a number only, and Phi Φ which stood for the aspirated sound /pʰ/ that came to be pronounced /f/ in Modern Greek.[citation needed]
In the earliest Latin inscriptions, the letters C, K and Q were all used to represent the two sounds /k/ and /ɡ/, which were not differentiated in writing. Of these, Q was used before a rounded vowel (e.g. ⟨EQO⟩ ‚ego’), K before /a/, and C elsewhere. Later, the use of C (and its variant G) replaced most usages of K and Q: Q survived only to represent /k/ when immediately followed by a /w/ sound.[2] The Etruscans used Q in conjunction with V to represent /kʷ/. (…)
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Przypomnę, że np. QueeN / K(L”)o”iN, to wcześnie KueeN / K(L”)o”iN, a jeszcze wcześniej GueeN / G(L”)o”iN, a jeszcze wcześniej Z”o”iN, Z”oNa, ale także i JoNi,.. itp, patrz:
Pojawienie się znaków Qq (i Ff) odzwierciedla pojawienie się zapożyczeń od-semickich w tzw. grece, etruskim, łacinie itd.
Czy na pewno w etruskim? Chyba, że w późniejszym okresie, kiedy etruski łacinniał.
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