…..
Jak obiecałem poprzednio, tym razem omówię fielko-germańskie słowa związane ze znaczeniami „chronić”, „kąt”, „róg”, „ubiór”, „podatek”, itp.
Przypominam, że wszystkie słowa omówione w poprzedniej części, jak i wszystkie poniższe słowa, cokolwiek one rzekomo znaczą, wywodzą się do rdzenia tzw. PIE ofitzjalnie odtfoszonego jako *(s)kewd– (“to shoot, throw”) lub (“to drive, fall upon, rush”)…
Pytanie za 100 punktów:
Jak to jest w ogóle możliwe, że słowa w j. germańskich związane zarówno ze znaczeniami, jak: a) „strzelać”, „rzucać” i b) „chronić”, „kąt”, „róg”, „ubiór”, „podatek”, itp., wywodzą się z tego pierwszego znaczenia?
Jest to pytanie retoryczne, ponieważ ja twierdzę, że w j. germańskich, ale nie tylko w nich, patrz też tzw. średniowieczna łacina / Medieval Latin: scata, sceatta,.. doszło do zapożyczeń z j. Pra-Słowiańskiego,.. ale też i do niezrozumienia i przekręcenia znaczeń tych zapożyczonych słów.
Więcej danych dotyczących rdzenia tzw. PIE ofitzjalnie odtfoszonego jako *(s)kewd–, a także źródłosłowu nazwy Scytowie, Scytia, czy raczej Skytowie i Skytia, czy raczej Skolotowie i Skolotia, itp., znajdziesz w częściach kolejnych.
…..
Fielko-germańskie słowa powiązane ze znaczeniem „chronić”, „kąt”, „róg”, „ubiór”, „podatek”, itp.
…..
https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/sch%C3%BCtzen#de
schützen (język niemiecki)
- znaczenia:
czasownik słaby
- uwagi:
- zobacz też: schützen • beschützen • vorschützen
- źródła:
…..
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sch%C3%BCtzen
schützen
German
Etymology
From Late Middle High German [Term?], most likely from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewd– (“to drive, fall upon, rush”). Cognate with English shut.
Pronunciation
Verb
schützen (third-person singular simple present schützt, past tense schützte, past participle geschützt, auxiliary haben)
- (transitive) to defend; to protect; to shelter; to guard
-
Die Götter schützen die guten Leute.
- Gods protect good people.
-
- (transitive) to cover
- (reflexive) to protect oneself
(…)
Related terms
…..
https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/shut
shut (język angielski)
- wymowa:
- IPA: /ʃʌt/, SAMPA: /SVt/
- wymowa amerykańska
-
- znaczenia:
czasownik
- (1.1) zamykać, zatrzaskiwać
- odmiana:
- (1.1) shut, shut, shut; he shuts; be shutting
- synonimy:
- (1.1) close
- związki frazeologiczne:
- where one door shuts another opens
- uwagi:
- zobacz też: Aneks:Język angielski – czasowniki nieregularne
…..
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/shut#English
shut
English
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Middle English shutten, shetten, from Old English scyttan (“to cause rapid movement, shoot a bolt, shut, bolt, shut to, discharge a debt, pay off”), from Proto-Germanic *skutjaną, *skuttijaną (“to bar, bolt”), from Proto-Germanic *skuttą, *skuttjō (“bar, bolt, shed”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewd– (“to drive, fall upon, rush”). Cognate with Dutch schutten (“to shut in, lock up”), Low German schütten (“to shut, lock in”), German schützen (“to shut out, dam, protect, guard”).
Verb
shut (third-person singular simple present shuts, present participle shutting, simple past and past participle shut)
- (transitive) To close, to stop from being open.
- Please shut the door.
- The light was so bright I had to shut my eyes.
- (intransitive) To close, to stop being open.
- If you wait too long, the automatic door will shut.
- (transitive or intransitive, chiefly Britain) To close a business temporarily, or (of a business) to be closed.
- The pharmacy is shut on Sunday.
- (transitive) To confine in an enclosed area.
- I shut the cat in the kitchen before going out.
- (transitive) To catch or snag in the act of shutting something.
- He’s just shut his finger in the door.
- To preclude; to exclude; to bar out.
Usage notes
Except when part of one of the derived terms listed below, almost every use of shut can be replaced by close. The reverse is not true — there are many uses of close that cannot be replaced by shut.
Adjective
shut (not comparable)
- Closed.
- A shut door barred our way into the house.
- (linguistics, phonetics) Synonym of close
Noun
shut (plural shuts)
- The act or time of shutting; close.
- the shut of a door
- A door or cover; a shutter.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Sir Isaac Newton to this entry?)
- The line or place where two pieces of metal are welded together.
Etymology 2
Variation of chute or shute (archaic, related to shoot) from Old English scēotan.
Noun
shut (plural shuts)
- (Britain, Shropshire dialect) A narrow alley or passage acting as a short cut through the buildings between two streets.
Synonyms
- (alleyway): See Thesaurus:alley
Anagrams
…..
Wiktionary does not yet have a reconstruction page for Proto-Germanic/skuttą.
…..
Wiktionary does not yet have a reconstruction page for Proto-Germanic/skautijǭ.
…..
Wiktionary does not yet have a reconstruction page for Proto-Germanic/skutjaną.
…..
Wiktionary does not yet have a reconstruction page for Proto-Germanic/skuttijaną.
UWAGA!
(…) from Proto-Germanic *skutjaną, *skuttijaną (“to bar, bolt”), from Proto-Germanic *skuttą, *skuttjō (“bar, bolt, shed”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewd– (“to drive, fall upon, rush”). (…)
(…) Variation of chute or shute (archaic, related to shoot) from Old English scēotan. (…)
Wynika z powyższego, że w j. germańskich i „strzelać” i „zamykać” pochodzą od jednego i tego samego znaczenia!
Patrz dane z poprzedniego wpisu:
scytta
Old English
From Proto-West Germanic *skuttjō, from Proto-Germanic *skutjô.
sċytta m
(…)
…..
Przypominam, że słowo *skautaz pojawiło się w poprzednim wpisie przy okazji słów powiązanych ze słowem *skeutaną, patrz:
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skeutaną
From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewd–.
*skeutaną
- to shoot
(…)
…..
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skautaz
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skautaz
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewd– (“to throw, shoot, pursue, rush”). Cognate with Russian кида́ть (kidátʹ, “to throw, cast, fling, toss, shoot”).
Pronunciation
Noun
*skautaz m
Inflection
| Declension of *skautaz (masculine a-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | *skautaz | *skautōz, *skautōs | |
| vocative | *skaut | *skautōz, *skautōs | |
| accusative | *skautą | *skautanz | |
| genitive | *skautas, *skautis | *skautǫ̂ | |
| dative | *skautai | *skautamaz | |
| instrumental | *skautō | *skautamiz | |
Derived terms
Descendants
- Old English: sċēat; sċēata; *sċīete, *sċȳte, *sċīte, sċēte
- Old Frisian: scāt, skāt, schāt
- Old Saxon: *skōt
- Old Dutch: *skōt; skōta (in placenames)
- Old High German: scōz; scōzo, *scōza; scozza
- Old Norse: skaut
- Gothic: 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍄𐍃 (skauts); 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍄 (skaut)
…..
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skautijan%C4%85
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skautijaną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *skautaz (“corner”) + *-janą.
Pronunciation
Verb
*skautijaną[1]
Inflection
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *skautijō | *skautijaų | — | *skautijai | *? |
| 2nd singular | *skautīsi | *skautijais | *skautī | *skautijasai | *skautijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *skautīþi | *skautijai | *skautijaþau | *skautijaþai | *skautijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *skautijōs | *skautijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *skautijaþiz | *skautijaiþiz | *skautijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *skautijamaz | *skautijaim | — | *skautijanþai | *skautijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *skautīþ | *skautijaiþ | *skautīþ | *skautijanþai | *skautijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *skautijanþi | *skautijain | *skautijanþau | *skautijanþai | *skautijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *skautidǭ | *skautidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *skautidēz | *skautidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *skautidē | *skautidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *skautidēdū | *skautidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *skautidēdudiz | *skautidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *skautidēdum | *skautidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *skautidēdud | *skautidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *skautidēdun | *skautidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *skautijandz | *skautidaz | |||
Descendants
References
- ^ Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*skautjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 337
…..
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skaut%C3%B4
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skautô
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *skautaz (“corner; wedge”).
Pronunciation
Noun
*skautô m[1]
- an object with a square shape
Inflection
| Declension of *skautô (masculine an-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | *skautô | *skautaniz | |
| vocative | *skautô | *skautaniz | |
| accusative | *skautanų | *skautanunz | |
| genitive | *skautiniz | *skautanǫ̂ | |
| dative | *skautini | *skautammaz | |
| instrumental | *skautinē | *skautammiz | |
Descendants
- Old English: sċēata (“corner, angle, cloth”)
- Old Saxon: *skota
- Middle Low German: shote (“pot”)
- Old High German: *scōza
- Middle High German: schōze (“fold, apron”)
- Old Norse: skauti (“kerchief, a square piece of wood”)
References
- ^ Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*skautōn”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 337
…..
https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/scot
scot (język angielski)
- wymowa:
- IPA: /skɒt/
- wymowa amerykańska
- znaczenia:
rzeczownik
…..
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/scot#English
scot
English
Etymology
From Middle English scot, scott, from Old English scot, scott, sċeot, ġescot (“contribution; payment; tax; fine”), from Old Norse skot, from Proto-Germanic *skutą (“that which is thrown or cast; projectile; missile”), related to English shoot. Later influenced by Old French escot (Modern écot), itself of Germanic origin. More at shot.
Pronunciation
Noun
scot (plural scots)
- (Britain, historical) A local tax, paid originally to the lord or ruler and later to a sheriff.
Derived terms
Related terms
Old English
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *skutą. Cognate with Old Frisian skot, Old Saxon sīlscot, Old High German scoz (German Schoß), Old Norse skot.
Pronunciation
Noun
sċot n (nominative plural sċot)
Descendants
- English: shot
UWAGA!
(…) From Middle English scot, scott, from Old English scot, scott, sċeot, ġescot (“contribution; payment; tax; fine”), from Old Norse skot, from Proto-Germanic *skutą (“that which is thrown or cast; projectile; missile”), related to English shoot. (…)
Wynika z powyższego, że w j. germańskich i „strzelać” i „podatek”, itp., pochodzą od jednego i tego samego znaczenia!
Przypominam, że shot, shout, sċēot, były omówione w poprzednim wpisie.
…..
https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/sheet
sheet (język angielski)
sheet (1.2)
- wymowa:
- enPR: shēt, IPA: /ʃiːt/, SAMPA: /Si:t/
- wymowa amerykańska
- wymowa brytyjska
-
- znaczenia:
rzeczownik
- (1.1) prześcieradło
- (1.2) kartka, arkusz (papieru)
- przykłady:
- (1.1) Have you changed sheets? → Czy zmieniłeś prześcieradła?
- (1.2) I need another sheet of paper. → Potrzebuję kolejnej kartki papieru.
- związki frazeologiczne:
- cheat sheet
…..
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sheet#English
sheet
English
Etymology
From Middle English schete; partly from Old English sċīete (“a sheet, a piece of linen cloth”); partly from Old English sċēata (“a corner, angle; the lower corner of a sail, sheet”); and Old English sċēat (“a corner, angle”); all from Proto-Germanic *skautijǭ, *skautaz (“corner, wedge, lap”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewd– (“to throw, shoot, pursue, rush”). Cognate with North Frisian skut (“the fold of a garment, lap, coattail”), West Frisian skoat (“sheet; sail; lap”), Dutch schoot (“the fold of a garment, lap, sheet”), German Low German Schote (“a line from the foot of a sail”), German Schoß (“the fold of a garment, lap”), Swedish sköt (“sheet”), Icelandic skaut (“the corner of a cloth, a line from the foot of a sail, the skirt or sleeve of a garment, a hood”).
Pronunciation
Noun
sheet (plural sheets)
- A thin bed cloth used as a covering for a mattress or as a layer over the sleeper.
- Use the sheets in the hall closet to make the bed.
- A piece of paper, usually rectangular, that has been prepared for writing, artwork, drafting, wrapping, manufacture of packaging (boxes, envelopes, etc.), and for other uses. The word does not include scraps and irregular small pieces destined to be recycled, used for stuffing or cushioning or paper mache, etc.
- A flat metal pan, often without raised edge, used for baking.
- Place the rolls on the cookie sheet, edges touching, and bake for 10-11 minutes.
- A thin, flat layer of solid material.
- A broad, flat expanse of a material on a surface.
- Mud froze on the road in a solid sheet, then more rain froze into a sheet of ice on top of the mud!
- (nautical) A line (rope) used to adjust the trim of a sail.
- To be „three sheets to the wind” is to say that a four-cornered sail is tethered only by one sheet and thus the sail is useless.
- (nautical, nonstandard) A sail.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Dryden to this entry?)
- (curling) The area of ice on which the game of curling is played.
- (nonstandard) A layer of veneer.
- (figuratively) Precipitation of such quantity and force as to resemble a thin, virtually solid wall.
- (geology) An extensive bed of an eruptive rock intruded between, or overlying, other strata.
- (nautical) The space in the forward or after part of a boat where there are no rowers.
- fore sheets; stern sheets
- (video games, dated) A distinct level or stage within a game.
Synonyms
Hyponyms
Derived terms
Related terms
References
sheet on Wikipedia.
Verb
sheet (third-person singular simple present sheets, present participle sheeting, simple past and past participle sheeted)
- (transitive) To cover or wrap with cloth, or paper, or other similar material.
- Remember to sheet the floor before you start painting.
- (transitive) To form into sheets.
- (intransitive) Of rain, or other precipitation, to pour heavily.
- We couldn’t go out because the rain was sheeting down all day long.
- (nautical) To trim a sail using a sheet.
References
- sheet in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
Anagrams
…..
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Scho%C3%9F#German
Schoß
German
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Middle High German [Term?], from Old High German scōz, from Proto-Germanic *skautaz. Compare Icelandic skaut.
Pronunciation
Noun
Schoß m (genitive Schoßes, plural Schöße)
Declension
…..
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sciete#Old_English
sciete
Old English
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *skautijǭ.
Pronunciation
Noun
sċīete f
Declension
Descendants
…..
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/scat#English
scat
English
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Middle English scet, schat, from Old English sceatt (“property, goods, owndom, wealth, treasure; payment, price, gift, bribe, tax, tribute, money, goods, reward, rent, a tithe; a piece of money, a coin; denarius, twentieth part of a shilling”) and Old Norse skattr (“wealth, treaure, tax, tribute, coin”); both from Proto-Germanic *skattaz (“cattle, kine, wealth, owndom, goods, hoard, treasure, geld, money”), from Proto-Indo-European *skatn-, *skat– (“to jump, skip, splash out”). Cognate with Scots scat (“tax, levy, charge, payment, bribe”), West Frisian skat (“treasure, darling”), Dutch schat (“treasure, hoard, darling, sweetheart”), German Schatz (“treasure, hoard, wealth, store, darling, sweetheart”), Swedish skatt (“treasure, tax, duty”), Icelandic skattur (“tax, tribute”), Latin scateō (“gush, team, bubble forth, abound”).
Alternative forms
Noun
scat (plural scats)
Etymology 2
Origin uncertain. Both the Oxford English Dictionary[1] and Merriam-Webster[2] suggest derivation from Ancient Greek σκῶρ (skôr, “excrement”), compare English scato-, but Random House Dictionary suggests that the popular character of the word makes this unlikely.[3] Perhaps from English dialectal scat (“to scatter, fling, bespatter”), or an alteration of shit, which is also used for „drugs, heroin”.
Alternative forms
- skatt (brisk shower of rain)
Noun
scat (uncountable)
- (biology) Animal excrement; droppings, dung.
- (slang) Heroin.
- (slang, obsolete) Whiskey.
- (slang) Coprophilia.
- (Britain, dialect) A brisk shower of rain, driven by the wind.
Synonyms
- (excrement): See Thesaurus:feces
- (heroin): shit, scag; see also Thesaurus:heroin
- (rain driven by wind): See Thesaurus:storm
Related terms
- scatology (dung)
- scatological
(…)
Etymology 4
Perhaps from the interjection scat!, itself an interjectional form of scoot! or scout!, from the root of shoot. Alternatively, from the expression quicker than s’cat (“in a great hurry”), perhaps representing a hiss followed by the word cat. Compare Swedish schas! (“shoo!, begone!”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Verb
scat (third-person singular simple present scats, present participle scatting, simple past and past participle scatted)
- (colloquial) To leave quickly (often used in the imperative).
- Here comes the principal; we’d better scat.
- (colloquial) An imperative demand, often understood by speaker and listener as impertinent.
- Scat! Go on! Get out of here!
…..
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sceat#Old_English
sceat
English
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Old English sceatt.
Pronunciation
Noun
sceat (plural sceats)
- (numismatics) A small Anglo-Saxon coin, especially one made of silver.
Anagrams
Old English
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *skautaz. Cognate with Old Frisian skat, Middle Dutch scoot (Dutch schoot), Old High German scōz (German Schoß), Old Norse skaut (Danish skød), Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍄𐌰 (skauta).
Pronunciation
Noun
sċēat m
Declension
…..
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sceatt#Old_English
sceatt
Old English
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *skattaz (“cattle, treasure”), from Proto-Indo-European *skat– (“to jump, hop, splash out”). Cognate with Old Frisian skett ‘money, cattle’, Old Saxon skat, Dutch schat, Old High German scaz (German Schatz (“treasure”)), Old Norse skattr (Danish skat, Norwegian skatt), Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍄𐍄𐍃 (skatts), Russian скот (skot, “cattle”).
Pronunciation
Noun
sċeatt m (nominative plural sċeattas)
Descendants
- Middle English: schat
…..
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skattaz
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skattaz
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *skatn-, *skat– (“to jump, skip, splash out”). Cognate with Latin scateō (“pour out, gush forth”).
Pronunciation
Noun
*skattaz m
Inflection
| Declension of *skattaz (masculine a-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | *skattaz | *skattōz, *skattōs | |
| vocative | *skatt | *skattōz, *skattōs | |
| accusative | *skattą | *skattanz | |
| genitive | *skattas, *skattis | *skattǫ̂ | |
| dative | *skattai | *skattamaz | |
| instrumental | *skattō | *skattamiz | |
Descendants
- West Germanic: *skatt
- Old Norse: skattr
- Gothic: 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍄𐍄𐍃 (skatts)
- Old Church Slavonic: скотъ (skotŭ)
- → Russian: скот (skot)
…..
https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/Schatz
Schatz (język niemiecki)
- wymowa:
-
- znaczenia:
rzeczownik, rodzaj męski
…..
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Schatz
Schatz
German
Etymology
From Middle High German schaz, schatz, from Old High German scaz, from Proto-Germanic *skattaz (“cattle, treasure”), from Proto-Indo-European *skat– (“to jump, hop, splash out”). Cognate with Old Norse skattr (Danish skat, Old Norse skatt, Swedish skatt), Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍄𐍄𐍃 (skatts), Old English sceatt, Dutch schat.
Pronunciation
Noun
Schatz m (genitive Schatzes, plural Schätze, diminutive Schätzchen n)
Declension
Synonyms
Further reading
- Schatz in Duden online
…..
Wiktionary does not yet have a reconstruction page for Proto-Indo-European/skatn-.
…..
Wiktionary does not yet have a reconstruction page for Proto-Indo-European/skat-.
…..
Przykłady Pra-Słowiańskich słów podobnych znaczeniowo do powyższych przykładów z j. germańskich:
Ścinek / Z/S’+CiN+eK, Ścinać / Z/S’+CiNa+C’, Ciąć / Cia”+C’, itp.
Skok / SKoK, Skakać / SKaKa+C’, Skoczyć / SKoC”y+C’, Kicać / KiCa+C’, Kucać / Ko’Ca+C’, Kuc / Ko’C, Kucyk / Ko’C+yK, itp.
…..
A na koniec trochę o źródłosłowie nazwy Szkocja, który mimo, że brzmi podobnie, ale jednak nie jest wywodzony z tego samego znaczenia, jak wyżej…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etymology_of_Scotland
Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Alba [ˈal̪ˠapə]) is a country[1][2] that occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain and forms part of the United Kingdom.[1] The name of Scotland is derived from the Latin Scoti, the term applied to Gaels. The origin of the word Scoti (or Scotti) is uncertain.
The word „Scot” is found in Latin texts from the fourth century describing a tribe which sailed from Ireland to raid Roman Britain.[3] It came to be applied to all the Gaels. It is not believed that any Gaelic groups called themselves Scoti in ancient times, except when writing in Latin.[3] Oman derives it from Scuit, proposing a meaning of ‚a man cut off’, suggesting that a Scuit was not a Gael as such but one of a renegade band settled in the part of Ulster which became the kingdom of Dál Riata [4] but ‚Scuit’ only exists in Old Irish as ‚buffoon/laughing-stock’[5] The 19th century author Aonghas MacCoinnich of Glasgow proposed that Scoti was derived from a Gaelic ethnonym (proposed by MacCoinnich) Sgaothaich from sgaoth „swarm”, plus the derivational suffix -ach (plural -aich)[6] However, this proposal to date has not appeared in mainstream place-name studies.
The Late Latin word Scotia (land of the Scot(t)i), although initially used to refer to Ireland, by the 11th century at the latest was being used to refer to (Gaelic-speaking) Scotland north of the river Forth. Some of the earliest surviving documents to mention the word Scotland include versions of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle from Abingdon, Worcester and Laud, written during the 11th Century, which state that prior to the Battle of Stamford Bridge in 1066, Earl Tostig had sought refuge in Scotland under the protection of Malcolm III, King of Scots.[7][8] ‚Scotland’ was employed alongside Albania or Albany, from the Gaelic Alba.[9] The use of the words Scots and Scotland to encompass all of what is now Scotland became common only in the Late Middle Ages.[10] (…)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotia
Scotia is a Latin placename derived from Scoti, a Latin name for the Gaels,[1] first attested in the late 3rd century.[1] From the 9th century, its meaning gradually shifted, so that it came to mean only the part of Britain lying north of the Firth of Forth: the Kingdom of Scotland.[1] By the later Middle Ages it had become the fixed Latin term for what in English is called Scotland. The Romans referred to Ireland as „Scotia” around 500 A.D.
Etymology and derivations
The name of Scotland is derived from the Latin Scotia: the tribe name Scoti applied to all Gaels.[2][3] The word Scoti (or Scotti) was first used by the Romans. It is found in Latin texts from the 4th century describing an Irish group which raided Roman Britain.[4] It came to be applied to all the Gaels. It is not believed that any Gaelic groups called themselves Scoti in ancient times, except when writing in Latin.[4] Old Irish documents use the term Scot (plural Scuit) going back as far as the 9th century, for example in the glossary of Cormac mac Cuilennáin.[5]
Oman derives it from Scuit, meaning someone cut-off. He believed it referred to bands of outcast Gaelic raiders, suggesting that the Scots were to the Gaels what the Vikings were to the Norse.[6][7]
The 19th century author Aonghas MacCoinnich of Glasgow proposed that Scoti was derived from a Gaelic ethnonym (proposed by MacCoinnich) Sgaothaich from sgaoth „swarm”, plus the derivational suffix -ach (plural -aich)[8] However, this proposal to date has not been met with any response in mainstream place-name studies. Pope Leo X (1513–1521) decreed that the use of the name Scotia be confined to referring to land that is now Scotland.[9][10] (…)
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W następnym wpisie sprawdzę, skąd pochodzi nazwa Scytia, Scytowie, itp., ponieważ wygląda na to, że jest z tym dokładnie podobnie, jak ze Szkotami i Szkocją,.. czyli nie wiadomo jak…
SKRBH 
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