191 Wtórnie ubezdźwięcznione liczebniki indogermańskie i ich wyżej-energetyczne PieRwotne PRa-Słowiańskie rdzenie, PieR+WS”y, PRW, PR 02

To jest druga część danych, która nie zmieściła się w poprzednim wpisie. (WordPress już i tak prawie się zagotował, tym razem jest zresztą podobnie…)

…..

Jakby ktoś nie skojarzył tego jeszcze, to powiadamiam, że tam już pokazałem, że słowa jak:

PRo, PRa, PRoTo, to jest jedno i to samo, czyli PR”eD, PR”eZ, PieR+WSy.

Myślę, że mogło to umknąć czyjejś uwadze, winc puszczam to tu jeszcze raz… Pisałem i tłumaczyłem różnicę między słowiańskim PRa i np. helleńskim, czy angielskim PRoTo i nie będę już do tego wracał. Mam nadzieję, że w końcu to jest już jasne, nie tylko dla Histslov.

Logicznie nic takiego jak język Proto-Słowiański nie istniało przed językiem Pra-Słowiańskim… Jeśli już można mówić o języku Przed-Pra-Słowiańskim, a właściwie Pra-Pra-Słowiańskim, jak mówimy o np. Pra-Pra-Dziadku, a nie o Proto-Dziadku… hehehe

Wtórne ubezdźwięcznienia widoczne są jak na dłoni, więc jak koń każdy widzi jakie som i szkoda o tym dalej gadać, co nie?

…..

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/per-#Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/per-

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*per-

before, in front
first

Derived terms

► Terms derived from the PIE root *per-

*pr-eh₂-
*pér-wr̥ ~ *pr̥-wén-s
*pr-ó, *pr-óH (allative)
*pér-i (locative)
- Armenian: [Term?]
  - Old Armenian: հեռ- (heṙ-)
- Balto-Slavic: *per
  - Lithuanian: per, per-
  - Slavic: *per, *per- (see there for further descendants)
- Germanic: *firi- (see there for further descendants)
- Hellenic: [Term?]
  - Ancient Greek: περί (perí), πέρ (pér) (see there for further descendants)
- Indo-Iranian: *pári
  - Indo-Aryan: *pári
    - Sanskrit: परि (pári) (see there for further descendants)
  - Iranian: *pári
    - Avestan: 𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌‎ (pairi)
      - → Persian: پیراـ‎ (pīrā-, “peri-”, prefix)
- Italic: [Term?]
  - Latin: per
*pr-é-ti, *pr-ó-ti
- Hellenic: [Term?]
  - Ancient Greek: προτί (protí), πρός (prós) (see there for further descendants)
- Indo-Iranian: *práti
  - Indo-Aryan: *práti
    - Sanskrit: प्रति (práti) (see there for further descendants)
- Tocharian: [Term?]
  - Tocharian B: pere
*pr-e-ti-o-
- Italic: [Term?]
  - Latin: pretium (see there for further descendants)
*prh₂és, *prh₂ós (genitive/ablative)
- Hellenic: [Term?]
  - Ancient Greek: πάρος (páros), πρέσ(βυς) (prés(bus))
- Indo-Iranian: *pr̥Hás
  - Indo-Aryan: *pr̥Hás
    - Sanskrit: पुरस् (purás) (see there for further descendants)
*pr-éy (dative)
- Anatolian: [Term?]
  - Proto-Luwic: *prī
    - Luwian: 𒉺𒊑𒄿 (/pri/)^[1]
- Italic: [Term?]
  - Old Latin: prī
- Balto-Slavic: *prei
  - Slavic: *pri (see there for further descendants)
*pr-ey-wo-
- Italic: [Term?]
  - Latin: prīvus
*pr-i-yōs
- Italic: *priōs
  - Latin: prior (see there for further descendants)
*pr-i-is
- Celtic: *ɸrīs
  - Gaulish: ris
  - Old Irish: ré
    - Irish: roimh
    - Scottish Gaelic: ro
*pr-i-is-m̥mos
- Italic: *priisemos
  - Latin: prīmus (see there for further descendants)
*pr-i-is-ḱo-
- Italic: [Term?]
  - Latin: prīscus
*pr-i-is-tn̥-o- (with *ten-)
- Italic: [Term?]
  - Latin: prīstinus (see there for further descendants)
*pr-i-n-
- Hellenic: [Term?]
  - Ancient Greek: πρίν (prín), πρείν (preín) (see there for further descendants)
*per-nóy
- Germanic: *ferrai (see there for further descendants)
*pér-o-
- Anatolian: *péro-
  - Hittite: 𒁉𒂊𒊏𒀭 (pēran), 𒁉𒊏𒀭 (peran)
- Hellenic: [Term?]
  - Ancient Greek: πέρᾱ (pérā), πέρᾱν (pérān) (see there for further descendants)
- Indo-Iranian: *pára
  - Indo-Aryan: *pára
    - Sanskrit: पर (pára)
      - Pali: para
  - Iranian: *pára
    - ? Persian: فرفر‎ (farfaf, “in hurry”) (archaic)
- Italic: [Term?]
  - Latin: (per)perus, (per)peram
    - → Ancient Greek: πέρπερος (pérperos)
*pr̥-
- Hellenic: [Term?]
  - Ancient Greek: πάρ (pár)
- Italic: *por-
  - Latin: por-
*pŕ̥-to-
- Germanic: *furþa- (see there for further descendants)
*pr̥-tero-
- Germanic: *furþeraz (see there for further descendants)
*pr̥s- ~ *pors-V́-
- Armenian: [Term?]
  - Old Armenian: առ (aṙ)
*pr-is-to-
- Germanic: *furistaz (see there for further descendants)
*pr-u-
- Hellenic: [Term?]
  - Ancient Greek: πρυμνός (prumnós)
*por-so-
- Hellenic: [Term?]
  - Ancient Greek: πόρσω (pórsō), πόρρω (pórrhō)
- Italic: [Term?]
  - Latin: porrō
*pér-uti (“last year”) (with *wet- (“year”))

Unsorted formations

Germanic: *frumô (see there for further descendants)
Hellenic: [Term?]
- Ancient Greek: πρῶτος (prôtos) (see there for further descendants)
Indo-Iranian: *pratʰamás (see there for further descendants)

Root

*per- (possible relation to previous root)

to carry forth, fare

Derived terms

► Terms derived from the PIE root *per- (fare)

*por-ti (o-grade root present)
- Germanic: *faraną (see there for further descendants)
- Hellenic: [Term?]
- Ancient Greek: ἔπορον (époron)
*pí-por-ti (o-grade reduplicated present)
- Indo-Iranian: *píparti
  - Indo-Aryan: *píparti
    - Sanskrit: पिपर्ति (píparti, “to bring across”)
*pér-ye-ti (ye-present)
- Hellenic: *péřřō
  - Ancient Greek: πείρω (peírō, “to pierce”)
*per-eh₂-yé-ti
- Hellenic: [Term?]
  - Ancient Greek: περάω (peráō) (see there for further descendants)
*por-éye-ti (causative)
- Balto-Slavic: [Term?]
  - Slavic: *pariti (see there for further descendants)
  - ? Slavic: *pьrati (see there for further descendants)
- Germanic: *farjaną (“to carry, to ferry”), *farjǭ (“ferry”) (see there for further descendants)
- Germanic: *fōrijaną (“to lead”) (formed from primary *faraną) (see there for further descendants)
- Indo-Iranian: *pāráyati
  - Indo-Aryan: *pāráyati
    - Sanskrit: पारयति (pāráyati, “to make cross”)
*pr̥-t-eh₂-yé-ti
- Italic: *portāō
  - Latin: portō (see there for further descendants)
  - Umbrian: 𐌐𐌖𐌓𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌖 (purtatu), portatu, portaia, portust
*pr̥-h₂-k-yé-ti
- Template:descgrk-pro
  - Ancient Greek: πρᾱ́σσω (prā́ssō)
*pér-tu-s (“crossing”)
*por-teh₂
- Italic: *portā
  - Latin: porta (see there for further descendants)
  - Oscan: 𐌐𐌞𐌓𐌕𐌀𐌌 (púrtam, “gate, door”, acc.sg.)
*por-ti-s
- Germanic: *fardiz (“journey”) (see there for further descendants)
*pōr-i-s
- Germanic: *fōriz (“passable”) (see there for further descendants)
*por-o-
- Hellenic: [Term?]
  - Ancient Greek: πόρος (póros)
    - Ancient Greek: πορεύω (poreúō)
    - Ancient Greek: πορίζω (porízō)
- Indo-Iranian: *pārás
  - Indo-Aryan: *pārás
    - Sanskrit: पार (pārá, “crossing”)
*por-dʰmo-
- Hellenic: [Term?]
  - Ancient Greek: πορθμός (porthmós)

Root

*per- (possible relation to previous root)

to try, dare, risk

Derived terms

► Terms derived from the PIE root *per- (risk)

*per-ih₂
- Hellenic: [Term?]
  - Ancient Greek: πεῖρα (peîra)
*per-ih₂-ye-
- Italic: [Term?]
  - Latin: (com)periō, (ex)perior, (op)perior
*per-ih₂-to-
- Italic: [Term?]
  - Latin: perītus
*per-ih₂-tlo-
- Italic: [Term?]
  - Latin: perīculum (see there for further descendants)
*per-h₃-
- Germanic: *fērō, *fērą (“danger”) (see there for further descendants)

Root

*per- (or *perH-)

to sell

Derived terms

► Terms derived from the PIE root *per- (sell)

*per-eh₂-yé-ti
- Hellenic: [Term?]
  - Ancient Greek: περάω (peráō)
*por-neh₂
- Hellenic: [Term?]
  - Ancient Greek: πόρνη (pórnē)

Unsorted formations:

Hellenic: [Term?]
- Ancient Greek: πέρνημι (pérnēmi)
- Ancient Greek: πιπράσκω (pipráskō)
Italic: [Term?]
- Latin: pars (see there for further descendants)
- Latin: portiō (see there for further descendants)
- ? Latin: pār (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume III, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 810
Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume III, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 816
Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume III, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 818
Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume III, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 818
Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume III, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 817

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https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/firi-

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/firi-

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European per(i) (“through, across”), from per-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɸi.ri/

Prefix

*firi-

through, across
expresses intensive or perfective meaning

Derived terms

Category Proto-Germanic words prefixed with *firi- not found

Descendants

Only distinguished completely from other prefixes in Gothic; the other Germanic languages show varying degrees of merging *firi-, *fra-, *furai- and *furi-.

Old English: fyr-
Old High German: firi-
Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂- (fair-)

…..

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ferrai

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ferrai

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European per-nóy (locative), from per- (“to cross, pass”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɸer.rɑi̯/

Adverb

*ferrai

far, distant

Derived terms

Descendants

Some of the West Germanic languages seem to have formed a variant with the adverbial ending *-ô.

Old English: feorr, feor
- Middle English: fer, far
  - English: far
  - Scots: faur
Old Frisian: fir, fer
Old Saxon: fer, ferr, ferro (< *ferrô)
- Middle Low German: verre
Old Dutch: ferro (< *ferrô)
- Middle Dutch: verre
  - Dutch: ver
    - Afrikaans: ver
Old High German: ferro (< *ferrô)
- Middle High German: verre
  - Cimbrian: bèrre
Old Norse: fjarri
- Icelandic: fjarri
- Faroese: fjarri
- Old Swedish: fiærre
  - Swedish: fjärr-
Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍂𐌰 (fairra)

References

Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill

UWAGA!

Innych fodobnych indogermańskich fomysłów jest duże więcej i nie będę ich tu wymieniał inaczej, jak tylko tak:

*furþa-, *furþeraz, *furistaz, *frumô, *faraną, *farjaną, *fōrijaną, *fardiz, *fōriz, *fērō, *fērą

…..

Teraz dla odmiany trochę ubezdźwięcznień celtyckich i ormiańskich…

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https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/%C9%B8r%C4%ABs&action=edit&redlink=1

Wiktionary does not yet have a reconstruction page for Proto-Celtic/ɸrīs.

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https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D5%A1%D5%BC#Old_Armenian

առ

Armenian

Pronunciation

(Eastern Armenian, standard) IPA^(key): [ɑr]

Etymology 1

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian առ (aṙ).

(…)

Old Armenian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European pr̥s- or pors-V́-. Cognate with Ancient Greek παρά (pará) and Sanskrit पर (pára)

(…)

…..

https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/p%C3%A1ri&action=edit&redlink=1

Wiktionary does not yet have a reconstruction page for Proto-Indo-Iranian/pári.

…..

https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Aryan/p%C3%A1ri&action=edit&redlink=1

Wiktionary does not yet have a reconstruction page for Proto-Indo-Aryan/pári.

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https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF#Sanskrit

परि

Sanskrit

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan pári, from Proto-Indo-Iranian pári, from Proto-Indo-European péri. Cognate with Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌‎ (pairi), Ancient Greek περί* (perí).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /pɐ́.ɽi/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈpɐ.ɽi/

Adverb

परि • (pári)

around, round; about
against, towards

Descendants

→ Hindi: परि- (pari-)
→ Telugu: పరి (pari)

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https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%F0%90%AC%9E%F0%90%AC%80%F0%90%AC%8C%F0%90%AC%AD%F0%90%AC%8C#Avestan

𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌

Avestan

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian pari, from Proto-Indo-European peri. Cognate with Sanskrit परि (pári), Ancient Greek περί (perí).

Preposition

𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌 • (pairi)

around, with

Descendants

→ Persian: پیراـ‎ (pīrā-, “peri-”, prefix)

…..

https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%80&action=edit&redlink=1

Wiktionary does not yet have an entry for پیراـ.

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https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/pr%C3%A1ti&action=edit&redlink=1

Wiktionary does not yet have a reconstruction page for Proto-Indo-Iranian/práti.

…..

https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Aryan/pr%C3%A1ti&action=edit&redlink=1

Wiktionary does not yet have a reconstruction page for Proto-Indo-Aryan/práti.

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https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF#Sanskrit

प्रति

Sanskrit

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *próti, *préti. Cognates include Ancient Greek πρός (prós), Latin pretium, and Old Church Slavonic противъ (protivŭ).

(…)

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https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%80%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%82#Ancient_Greek

πρός

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

προτί (protí) – Epic
ποτί (potí) – Epic, Doric
ποί (poí) – Doric
πορτί (portí) – Cretan
πός (pós) – Arcadocypriot
πρές (prés) – Aeolic
πέρτι (pérti) – Pamphylian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European próti, préti. Cognates include Sanskrit प्रति (práti), Latin pretium, and Old Church Slavonic противъ (protivŭ). **May be related to πρό (pró, “before”).**

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /prós/ → /pros/ → /pros/

Preposition

πρός • (prós) (governs the genitive, dative and accusative)

(of direction) forward to, toward
1. (with genitive) the side of, pertaining to
2. (with dative) by the side of, near to
3. (with accusative) the place, time, occasion, or respect, which is the destination of the relation, or whither or for which it is predicated: about, according to, against, among, at, because of, before, between, ([where-]) by, for, at someone’s house, in, for intent, nigh unto, of, which pertain to, that, to (the end that), together, to ([you]) -ward, unto, with (-in)

Descendants

Greek: προς (pros)

References

πρός in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
πρός in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
πρός in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
πρός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
πρός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
πρός in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G4314 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
πρός in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften

…..

https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pr%C3%B3ti&action=edit&redlink=1

Wiktionary does not yet have a reconstruction page for Proto-Indo-European/próti.

…..

https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pr%C3%A9ti&action=edit&redlink=1

Wiktionary does not yet have a reconstruction page for Proto-Indo-European/préti.

…..

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D#Sanskrit

पुरस्

Sanskrit

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan pr̥Hás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian pr̥Hás, from Proto-Indo-European pr̥h₂-ós, from preh₂- (“before, in front”). Cognate with Latin prae (“before, in front of”), Ancient Greek πάρος (páros), English fore.

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /pu.ɽɐ́s̪/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈpu.ɽɐs̪/

Adverb

पुरस् • (purás)

Descendants

Ashokan Prakrit: [Term?]
- Maharastri Prakrit: [Term?]
  - Old Marathi: पुढां (puḍhāṃ) ? (or from प्रथम (prathama))
    - Marathi: पुढे (puḍhe)

…..

https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/pr%CC%A5H%C3%A1s&action=edit&redlink=1

Wiktionary does not yet have a reconstruction page for Proto-Indo-Iranian/pr̥Hás.

…..

https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Aryan/pr%CC%A5H%C3%A1s&action=edit&redlink=1

Wiktionary does not yet have a reconstruction page for Proto-Indo-Aryan/pr̥Hás.

…..

https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/p%C3%A1ra&action=edit&redlink=1

Wiktionary does not yet have a reconstruction page for Proto-Indo-Iranian/pára.

…..

https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Aryan/p%C3%A1ra&action=edit&redlink=1

Wiktionary does not yet have a reconstruction page for Proto-Indo-Aryan/pára.

…..

https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%B1&action=edit&redlink=1

Wiktionary does not yet have an entry for فرفر.

…..

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pr%C3%B3

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pró

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *per- (“before”).

Adverb

*pró^[1]

toward, leading to

Derived terms

*préh₃-wr̥ ~ *pr̥h₃-wén-s
- *préh₃-wr̥-yh₂ (“forepart (of a ship)”)^[2]^[3]
  - Hellenic: *prṓwařřa^[3]
    - Ancient Greek: πρῷρα (prôira) (see there for further descendants)
- *pr̥h₃-w-ṓ^[4] (< *pr̥h₃-wón-s)^[2]
  - Hellenic: *prōwṓ^[4]
    - Ancient Greek: πρών (prṓn, “protruding rocks”)
*pr̥h₃-wó-s (“first”)^[2]^[3]^[5]
- Albanian: *paru
  - Albanian: parë
- Balto-Slavic: *pírˀwos^[5]
  - Latvian: pìrmaĩs
  - Lithuanian: pirmas
  - Old Prussian: pirmas, pirmois
  - Slavic: *pьrvъ^[5] (see there for further descendants)
- Indo-Iranian: *pŕ̥Hwas
  - Indo-Aryan: *pŕ̥Hwas
    - Sanskrit: पूर्व (pū́rva) (see there for further descendants)
  - Iranian: *pŕ̥Hwah
    - Avestan: 𐬞𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬬𐬀‎ (paurva)
- Tocharian: *pärwe^[2]
  - Tocharian A: pärwat
  - Tocharian B: parwe
*pr̥h₃-tó-s (“first”)^[6]
- Hellenic: [Term?]
  - Ancient Greek: πρῶτος (prôtos) (see there for further descendants)
*pro-k- (“in front”)^[7]
- Hellenic: [Term?]
  - Ancient Greek: πρόκα (próka)
*pró-mo-s (“first, leading”)^[1]^[8]
- Celtic: *ɸromos (“early, soon”)
  - Old Irish: [Term?]
    - Middle Irish: rom
- Germanic: *fram (“forward, from, away”) (see there for further descendants)
  - ⇒ Germanic: *framjaną (“to perform, promote, further”) (see there for further descendants)
- Hellenic: [Term?]
  - Ancient Greek: πρόμος (prómos, “leader”)
- Italic: *promom^[9]
  - Umbrian: promom, prumum, prumu (“firstly”)
*pró-pro^[10]
- Hellenic: [Term?]
  - Ancient Greek: πρόπρο (própro)
- Indo-Iranian: *prápra
  - Indo-Aryan: *prápra
    - Sanskrit: प्रप्र (prápra)
- Italic: *propro^[10]
  - Oscan: [Term?]
    - → Latin: prope (see there for further descendants)
  - ⇒ Italic: *propsamos^[10]
    - Latin: proximus
*pró-tero-s (“further”)^[1]^[11]^[12]
- Hellenic: [Term?]
  - Ancient Greek: πρότερος (próteros)
- Indo-Iranian: *prátaram^[12]
  - Indo-Aryan: *pratarám
    - Sanskrit: प्रतर (pratara)
  - Iranian: *frátaram
    - Younger Avestan: 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬙𐬀𐬭𐬀‎‎ (fratara‎)
    - Old Persian: 𐎳𐎼𐎫𐎼 (f-r-t-r)

Unsorted formations

Germanic: *frawjô, *frawjǭ, *frawjaz^[13] (see there for further descendants)
Hellenic: [Term?]
- Ancient Greek: πρόσω (prósō)
Italic: [Term?]
- Latin: prōvincia (see there for further descendants)

Descendants

Anatolian: *prṓ
- Hittite: 𒉺𒊏𒀀 (pa-ra-a /prā/)
Balto-Slavic: *pra
- Slavic: *pro (see there for further descendants)
Celtic: *ɸro (see there for further descendants)
Hellenic: *pró
- Ancient Greek: πρό (pró), πρωΐ (prōḯ) (see there for further descendants)
Indo-Iranian: *prá
- Indo-Aryan: *prá
  - Sanskrit: प्र (prá)
- Iranian: *frá
  - Avestan: 𐬟𐬭𐬀-‎ (fra-)
Italic: *prō (perhaps from *pro-h₁ (ins.sg.))^[14]
- Latin: prō (see there for further descendants)

References

↑ ^{Jump up to:1.0}^1.1^1.2 Pokorny, Julius (1959), “pro, prō”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume III, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 813-815
↑ ^{Jump up to:2.0}^2.1^2.2^2.3 Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “parwe”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 383
↑ ^{Jump up to:3.0}^3.1^3.2 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “πρῷρα”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1244-1245
↑ ^{Jump up to:4.0}^4.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “πρών”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page pages1244
↑ ^{Jump up to:5.0}^5.1^5.2 Derksen, Rick (2015), “pirmas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 357-358
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “πρώτος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1245
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “πρόκα”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1237
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “πρόμος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1237
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “prō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 489-490
↑ ^{Jump up to:10.0}^10.1^10.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “prope”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 492-493
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “πρότερος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1240
↑ ^{Jump up to:12.0}^12.1 Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “pratara-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*frauja(n)-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 153
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “prō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 489-490

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Powtarzam tu to jeszcze raz…

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https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%80%CF%81%E1%BF%B6%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82#Ancient_Greek

πρῶτος

Ancient Greek

**Ancient Greek ordinal numbers**
< –	αʹ	βʹ >
Cardinal : εἷς (heîs) Ordinal : πρῶτος (prôtos) Adverbial : ἅπαξ (hápax)

Alternative forms

πρᾶτος (prâtos) – Doric

Etymology

Traditionally held to be the superlative of πρό (pró, “before”) (compare πρότερος (próteros)), but it is unclear how such a contraction would come about. Could also be from a Proto-Indo-Europeanpr̥H-, with cognates including Lithuanian pirmas, Sanskrit पूर्व* (pūrva), and Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬬𐬀‎ (paurva). In both cases, the ω (ō) and ᾱ (ā) forms are difficult to reconcile.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /prɔ̂ː.tos/ → /ˈpro.tos/ → /ˈpro.tos/

Adjective

πρῶτος • (prôtos) m (feminine πρώτη, neuter πρῶτον); first/second declension

first
earliest
foremost, most prominent
(mathematics) prime

Declension

First and second declension of πρῶτος; πρώτη; πρῶτον (Attic)

First and second declension of πρῶτος; πρώτη; πρῶτον (Epic)

Derived terms

ἑβδομηκοστόπρωτος (hebdomēkostóprōtos, “seventy-first”) (Byzantine Greek)

Descendants

Greek: πρώτος (prótos)
→ English: proto-
→ French: proto-
→ Italian: proto-
→ Latvian: proto-
→ Spanish: proto-

References

πρῶτος in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
πρῶτος in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
πρῶτος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
πρῶτος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
πρῶτος in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G4413 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. 19 headwords
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

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https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/p%C5%95%CC%A5Hwas&action=edit&redlink=1

Wiktionary does not yet have a reconstruction page for Proto-Indo-Iranian/pŕ̥Hwas.

…..

https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Aryan/p%C5%95%CC%A5Hwas&action=edit&redlink=1

Wiktionary does not yet have a reconstruction page for Proto-Indo-Aryan/pŕ̥Hwas.

…..

https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/p%C5%95%CC%A5Hwah&action=edit&redlink=1

Wiktionary does not yet have a reconstruction page for Proto-Iranian/pŕ̥Hwah.

…..

https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/%C9%B8romos&action=edit&redlink=1

Wiktionary does not yet have a reconstruction page for Proto-Celtic/ɸromos.

…..

https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/fr%C3%A1taram&action=edit&redlink=1

Wiktionary does not yet have a reconstruction page for Proto-Iranian/frátaram.

…..

https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/fr%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1

Wiktionary does not yet have a reconstruction page for Proto-Iranian/frá.

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https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fram

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fram

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European pr-, pro-, perəm-, prom-, promo- (“forth, forward”); see per-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɸrɑm/

Preposition

*fram

(with dative) from
(with dative) by, due to

Adverb

*fram

forth, forward
away, further

Descendants

Old English: fram, from
- Middle English: fram, from
  - English: from
  - Scots: fram, from
Old Frisian: from
Old Saxon: fram
Old Dutch: fram-
Old High German: fram
- Middle High German: vram
Old Norse: frá
- Icelandic: frá
- Faroese: frá
- Old Swedish: frā
  - Westrobothnian: frå, fra
  - ⇒ Old Swedish: frān
    - Swedish: från
    - Westrobothnian: frånn, frönn
- Danish: fra
- Elfdalian: frą̊
- Norwegian: fra, frå
- → Old English: fra
  - Middle English: fra, fro
    - English: fro
    - Scots: frae, fra, fro, fae
Old Norse: fram
- Icelandic: fram
- Faroese: fram, frá
- Old Swedish: fram
  - Swedish: fram
- Danish: frem
- Norwegian: fram, frem
- Westrobothnian: framm
Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼 (fram)

UWAGA!

Inne indogermańskie fodobne słowa, patrz: *framjaną, *frawjô, *frawjǭ, *frawjaz

…..

https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/fr%C3%A1taram&action=edit&redlink=1

Wiktionary does not yet have a reconstruction page for Proto-Iranian/frátaram.

…..

https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/pr%C3%A1taram&action=edit&redlink=1

Wiktionary does not yet have a reconstruction page for Proto-Indo-Iranian/prátaram.

…..

https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Aryan/pratar%C3%A1m&action=edit&redlink=1

Wiktionary does not yet have a reconstruction page for Proto-Indo-Aryan/pratarám.

…..

https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/fr%C3%A1taram&action=edit&redlink=1

Wiktionary does not yet have a reconstruction page for Proto-Iranian/frátaram.

…..

https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/pr%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1

Wiktionary does not yet have a reconstruction page for Proto-Indo-Iranian/prá.

…..

https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Aryan/pr%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1

Wiktionary does not yet have a reconstruction page for Proto-Indo-Aryan/prá.

…..

https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/fr%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1

Wiktionary does not yet have a reconstruction page for Proto-Iranian/frá.

…..

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/preh%E2%82%82-

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/preh₂-

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *per- (“before”).

Root

*preh₂-

before, in front

Derived terms

► Terms derived from the PIE root *preh₂-

*préh₂i (“before”, locative)
- Italic: *prāi
  - Latin: prae, prae- (see there for further descendants)
- Italic: *praiteros (< *préh₂i + *-teros)
  - Latin: praeter (see there for further descendants)
*pr̥h₂i (zero-grade locative)
- Celtic: *ɸare < *ɸari (-e is secondary) (see there for further descendants)
- Germanic: *furi (see there for further descendants)
*pr̥h₂-ó
- Hellenic: [Term?]
  - Mycenaean Greek: 𐀞𐀫 (pa-ro)
  - Ancient Greek: πάρα (pára), παρά (pará), πάρ (pár), (Epic) παραί (paraí)
    - Greek: παρά (pará)
    - → English: para-
- Indo-Iranian: *pr̥Hā́
  - Indo-Aryan: *pr̥Hā́
    - Sanskrit: पुरा (purā́)
*pr̥h₂oy
- Germanic: *furai (see there for further descendants)
*pr̥h₂-yós- ~ *pr̥h₂-is- (comparative)
- Germanic: *furizô, *furistaz (see there for further descendants)
*pr̥h₂-ós
- Albanian: *par-
  - Albanian: parë
- Hellenic: [Term?]
  - Ancient Greek: πάρος (páros, “earlier, before”)
- Indo-Iranian: *pr̥Hás
  - Indo-Aryan: *pr̥Hás
    - Sanskrit: पुरस् (purás, “before, forwards”) (see there for further descendants)

UWAGA!

Postaci z gwar języka słowiańskiego brak… Nadrobię to w kolejnych wpisach!

…..

https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/pr%CC%A5H%C4%81%CC%81&action=edit&redlink=1

Wiktionary does not yet have a reconstruction page for Proto-Indo-Iranian/pr̥Hā́.

…..

https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Aryan/pr%CC%A5H%C4%81%CC%81&action=edit&redlink=1

Wiktionary does not yet have a reconstruction page for Proto-Indo-Aryan/pr̥Hā́.

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https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/%C9%B8are

Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/ɸare

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From earlier ɸari, from Proto-Indo-European pr̥h₂i, from preh₂- (“before, in front”). Cognate with English for*.

Preposition

*ɸare

in front of

Derived terms

*ɸare-

Descendants

Brythonic: *ar
- Middle Breton: ar, er
- Middle Welsh: ar, er
  - Welsh: ar
Old Irish: ar
- Irish: ar (conflated with for and íar)
Celtiberian: are

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https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/furi

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/furi

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic pr̥h₂-i, from Proto-Indo-European preh₂-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɸu.ri/

Preposition

*furi

(+accusative, with allative meaning) for, before

Adverb

*furi

before, forward

Related terms

Descendants

In most of the daughter languages *furi and *furai had begun to merge in meaning and to varying degrees in form.

Old English: for, fore (in meaning, but having mostly merged with *furai)
- Middle English: for
  - Scots: for
  - English: for
Old Frisian: fori, for
- Saterland Frisian: foar, far
- West Frisian: foar
Old Saxon: furi
- Middle Low German: [Term?]
  - Low German: för
Old Dutch: furi, fure
- Middle Dutch: vuere, vuer
  - Dutch: veur (dialectal)
Old High German: furi
- Middle High German: vür
  - Central Franconian: für, vür (fully merged)
  - East Central German:
    
    Upper Saxon: for
  - German: für
  - Luxembourgish: fir
  - Yiddish: פֿאַר‎ (far)
Old Norse: fyrir (probably with analogical -ir based on eptir, yfir, undir)
- Faroese: fyri
- Icelandic: fyrir
- Old Swedish: fyri(r), for
  - Swedish: före, för
- Westrobothnian: föri, fyri, firi, firin, fȯr
- Norwegian Nynorsk: føre, for
- Danish: for
Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂 (faur)

References

Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill

UWAGA!

Inne indogermańskie fodobne słowa, patrz: *furai, *furizô, *furistaz…

…..

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D#Sanskrit

पुरस्

Sanskrit

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan pr̥Hás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian pr̥Hás, from Proto-Indo-European pr̥h₂-ós, from preh₂- (“before, in front”). Cognate with Latin prae (“before, in front of”), Ancient Greek πάρος (páros), English fore.

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /pu.ɽɐ́s̪/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈpu.ɽɐs̪/

Adverb

पुरस् • (purás)

Descendants

Ashokan Prakrit: [Term?]
- Maharastri Prakrit: [Term?]
  - Old Marathi: पुढां (puḍhāṃ) ? (or from प्रथम (prathama))
    - Marathi: पुढे (puḍhe)

…..

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/p%C3%A9rwr%CC%A5

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pérwr̥

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From per- +‎ -wr̥.

Noun

*pérwr̥ n^[1]

ford, crossing

Inflection

Athematic, proterokinetic
	singular	dual	plural	collective
nominative	*pérwr̥	—	—	*pérwōr
vocative	*pérwr̥	—	—	*pérwōr
accusative	*pérwr̥	—	—	*pérwōr
genitive	*pr̥wéns	—	—	*prunés
ablative	*pr̥wéns	—	—	*prunés
dative	*pr̥wéney	—	—	*prunéy
locative	pr̥wén, pr̥wéni	—	—	pr̥wén, pr̥wéni
instrumental	*pr̥wénh₁	—	—	*prunéh₁

Derived terms

*n̥-pérwō < *n̥-pér-won-s
- Hellenic: *əpérwō
  - Ancient Greek: ᾰ̓πείρων (apeírōn)
- Indo-Iranian: *apárwā
  - Indo-Aryan: *apárwā
    - Sanskrit: अपर्वन् (aparván)

Descendants

Hellenic: *pérwər
- Ancient Greek: πεῖρᾰρ (peîrar)
Indo-Iranian: *párwr̥
- Indo-Aryan: *párwr̥
  - Sanskrit: पर्वन् (párvan), परुर् (párur, nom.sg.)

Noun

*pérwr̥ n^[2]^[3]

rock

Inflection

Athematic, acrostatic
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*pérwr̥	*pérurih₁	*pérwr̥h₂
vocative	*pérwr̥	*pérurih₁	*pérwr̥h₂
accusative	*pérwr̥	*pérurih₁	*pérwr̥h₂
genitive	*péruns	*?	*pérunoHom
ablative	*péruns	*?	*pérunmos
dative	*péruney	*?	*pérunmos
locative	pérun, péruni	*?	*pérunsu
instrumental	*pérunh₁	*?	*pérunbʰi

Derived terms

*pérwn̥-to-s (“rocky”)^[2]^[3]
- Indo-Iranian: *párwatas^[2]
  - Indo-Aryan: *párwatas
    - Sanskrit: पर्वत (párvata) (see there for further descendants)
  - Iranian: *párwataH f
    - Younger Avestan: 𐬞𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬙𐬁‎ (paᵘruuatā)

Descendants

Anatolian: [Term?]
- Hittite: 𒁉𒂊𒊒 (pé-e-ru /péru/, nom.acc.sg.), 𒁉𒂊𒊒𒉌 n (pé-e-ru-ni /péruni/, “rock”, dat.loc.sg.)
  - ⇒ Hittite: 𒁉𒂊𒊒𒈾𒀭𒍝 (pé-e-ru-na-an-za /pérunanta/, “rocky, craggy”)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “πεῖραρ, -ατος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1163
↑ ^{Jump up to:2.0} ^2.1 ^2.2 Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “párvata-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
↑ ^{Jump up to:3.0} ^3.1 Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 668-669

…..

I Pierwsi / PieR+WSi będą ostatnimi… Jakieś pytaneczka?

W następnej części (lub raczej częściach) upowszechnię słowiańskie odpowiedniki. Ciekawe, ile z nich będzie musiało być zaznaczonych na czerwono?

Ktoś założy się ze mną, że nie będzie tam ani jednego czerwonego, czyli zniekształconego przez wtórne ubezdźwięcznienie przypadku?

Jedna uwaga do wpisu “191 Wtórnie ubezdźwięcznione liczebniki indogermańskie i ich wyżej-energetyczne PieRwotne PRa-Słowiańskie rdzenie, PieR+WS”y, PRW, PR 02”

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	SKRiBHa o 317 S_u_P_K_itp.machia, czyli…
	SKRiBHa o 322 Brutalna prawda o ofitzjal…
	SKRiBHa o 322 Brutalna prawda o ofitzjal…
	SKRiBHa o 322 Brutalna prawda o ofitzjal…
	SKRiBHa o 321 Genetyka nie wyjaśni pocho…
	SKRiBHa o 322 Brutalna prawda o ofitzjal…
	SKRiBHa o 322 Brutalna prawda o ofitzjal…
	SKRiBHa o 322 Brutalna prawda o ofitzjal…
	SKRiBHa o 322 Brutalna prawda o ofitzjal…
	SKRiBHa o 322 Brutalna prawda o ofitzjal…
	SKRiBHa o 316 S_u_P_K_itp.machia, czyli…
	SKRiBHa o 321 Genetyka nie wyjaśni pocho…

PRo, PRa, PRoTo, to jest jedno i to samo, czyli PR”eD, PR”eZ, PieR+WSy.

Logicznie nic takiego jak język Proto-Słowiański nie istniało przed językiem Pra-Słowiańskim… Jeśli już można mówić o języku Przed-Pra-Słowiańskim, a właściwie Pra-Pra-Słowiańskim, jak mówimy o np. Pra-Pra-Dziadku, a nie o Proto-Dziadku… hehehe

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/per-

Proto-Indo-European

Root

Derived terms

Root

Derived terms

Root

Derived terms

Root

Derived terms

References

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/firi-

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *per(i) (“through, across”), from *per-.

Pronunciation

Prefix

Derived terms

Descendants

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ferrai

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *per-nóy (locative), from *per- (“to cross, pass”).

Pronunciation

Adverb

Derived terms

Descendants

References

UWAGA!

*furþa-, *furþeraz, *furistaz, *frumô, *faraną, *farjaną, *fōrijaną, *fardiz, *fōriz, *fērō, *fērą

առ

Armenian

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian առ (aṙ).

Old Armenian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *pr̥s- or *pors-V́-. Cognate with Ancient Greek παρά (pará) and Sanskrit पर (pára)

परि

Sanskrit

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *pári, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pári, from Proto-Indo-European *péri. Cognate with Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌‎ (pairi), Ancient Greek περί (perí).

Pronunciation

Adverb

Descendants

𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌

Avestan

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *pari, from Proto-Indo-European *peri. Cognate with Sanskrit परि (pári), Ancient Greek περί (perí).

Preposition

Descendants

प्रति

Sanskrit

Etymology

πρός

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *próti, *préti. Cognates include Sanskrit प्रति (práti), Latin pretium, and Old Church Slavonic противъ (protivŭ). May be related to πρό (pró, “before”).

Pronunciation

Preposition

Descendants

References

पुरस्

Sanskrit

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *pr̥Hás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pr̥Hás, from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂-ós, from *preh₂- (“before, in front”). Cognate with Latin prae (“before, in front of”), Ancient Greek πάρος (páros), English fore.

Pronunciation

Adverb

Descendants

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pró

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Adverb

Derived terms

Descendants

References

πρῶτος

From Proto-Indo-European per(i) (“through, across”), from per-.

From Proto-Indo-European per-nóy (locative), from per- (“to cross, pass”).

furþa-, furþeraz, furistaz, frumô, faraną, farjaną, fōrijaną, fardiz, fōriz, fērō, *fērą

From Proto-Indo-European pr̥s- or pors-V́-. Cognate with Ancient Greek παρά (pará) and Sanskrit पर (pára)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan pári, from Proto-Indo-Iranian pári, from Proto-Indo-European péri. Cognate with Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌‎ (pairi), Ancient Greek περί* (perí).

From Proto-Indo-Iranian pari, from Proto-Indo-European peri. Cognate with Sanskrit परि (pári), Ancient Greek περί (perí).

From Proto-Indo-European próti, préti. Cognates include Sanskrit प्रति (práti), Latin pretium, and Old Church Slavonic противъ (protivŭ). **May be related to πρό (pró, “before”).**

From Proto-Indo-Aryan pr̥Hás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian pr̥Hás, from Proto-Indo-European pr̥h₂-ós, from preh₂- (“before, in front”). Cognate with Latin prae (“before, in front of”), Ancient Greek πάρος (páros), English fore.

From Proto-Indo-European pr-, pro-, perəm-, prom-, promo- (“forth, forward”); see per-.

From earlier ɸari, from Proto-Indo-European pr̥h₂i, from preh₂- (“before, in front”). Cognate with English for*.

From Pre-Germanic pr̥h₂-i, from Proto-Indo-European preh₂-.

From Proto-Indo-Aryan pr̥Hás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian pr̥Hás, from Proto-Indo-European pr̥h₂-ós, from preh₂- (“before, in front”). Cognate with Latin prae (“before, in front of”), Ancient Greek πάρος (páros), English fore.

From per- +‎ -wr̥.